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is only justified when the kiln operator is knowledgeable and the kilns are operating properly, i.e., they are not obsolete or experiencing serious malfunctions (Lindberg, 1996). Accurate measurement of moisture content during drying is very important for better control of the drying process. Incorrect measurements can result in detrimental schedule modifications (Faust, 1994). Wengert (1994b) suggests that the following ways can be used to measure moisture content during drying: • Cutting sample boards and weighing them outside the kiln. This is a commonly used method for hardwoods, but measurements are taken only every one to three days and so a very precise control of the process is not possible. • Weighing sample boards inside the kiln. This method provides real-time, accurate measurements but needs expensive equipment. • Weighing a whole package (rather than a sample) of a kiln load. This method is not very accurate. • Measuring the temperature drop across the load (i.e., measuring the difference of the temperature of the air as it enters and exits the board package). Measurements can be taken all the time to estimate moisture content which cannot be determined directly. • Using capacitive/reactance monitors. This method also estimates moisture content indirectly by measuring resistance and capacitance. Capacitance is: "the ability of an object or a surface to store an electrical charge" (QRG Ltd, 2003). • Using electrical resistance meters. These meters provide accurate moisture content readings below 30% moisture content. By inserting short and long pins in the boards both inner (core) and outer (shell) board moisture content measurements are possible. New approaches to measure moisture content are being developed, such as using an infrared camera (Wong, 2000) or collecting acoustic emissions (Beall, 2002). 16PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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