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• Absence of drying caused stresses (i.e., casehardening). • Targeted final moisture content. • Reduced moisture content variation (both within and between boards). Several factors affect drying quality. In order to improve it, proper kiln maintenance plays a critical role (Denig & Hanover, 1990). A company must also take into account the customer's point of view regarding quality and achieve high quality in both the physical characteristics of its products and the service it provides (Hansen, 1996). There are four main areas in kiln drying where problems and difficulties may appear and negatively affect quality: 1. Drying processes. 2. Kiln control. 3. Dried product quality. 4. Knowledge of kiln operators, suppliers of kiln equipment, distributors, sales personnel, and customers about kiln drying issues. Each area will be discussed below. 2.4. DRYING PROCESSES The kiln drying process is the artificial removal of moisture from wood in order to render it more suitable for manufacturing of certain products. This process is affected by three parameters: a) heat, b) relative humidity, and c) air circulation. Heat is necessary to warm up and evaporate water and it also affects the rate at which water is removed from inside the board (i.e., at higher temperatures water is removed faster). Relative humidity creates the water concentration difference between the water in wood and water in the air that controls the rate of moisture diffusion in wood, and also can control the moisture holding capacity of air. As relative humidity decreases, the air can hold greater amounts of water vapour extracted from wood. Finally, air circulation serves the drying process in two ways: it transfers heat to the wood 7PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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