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Continue Appendix C. OPERATIONAL VARIABLES Forklift wage ($/yr) Lumber graders ($/yr) Wage for kiln operator and yard supervisor ($/yr) ENERGY COSTS Fuel consumption (hog waste) (tons/day) Fuel cost ($/ton) Annual electrical usage attributed to drying (kWh/yr) Electrical cost ($/kWh) Initial MC (%) Final MC (%) Raw Material Cost ($/MBF) $114,000 Plant D $160,000 Plant D $67,000 Plant D 13.50 Plant D 35 Plant D 1845770.47 Plant D 0.10 Plant D 20 Plant D 8 Plant D $14,673,750 Hardwood Report Market Previews Energy Calculations Thermal loss (%) 65 Redman 2011 Total Wood Volume 1132.82 Wood basic density (Kg) 634381.20 Specific heat of hardwood (KJ/(Kg*oC) 1.20 Redman (2011) Specific heat of water (KJ/(Kg*oC) 4.19 Redman (2011) Heat of Vaporization (MJ/kg) 2.25” Redman (2011) Specific gravity at FSP 0.56 ESTIMATED Water density (kg/m3) 1000 ESTIMATED 1KJ 0.95 BTU's 1ton 16000000 BTU's Maximun Temperature (oC) 82.22 Minimum Temperature (oC) 40.56 Energy to heat wood (KJ) 31719059.76 Energy to heat water (KJ) 27661663.36 Energy to vaporize Water (KJ) 242650807.14 Total heat energy (KJ) 407742565.85 Total BTUs/charge used for drying 386465335.53 Total tons/charge used for drying 24.15 Total Energy cost ($/yr) 21134.82 Total Electrical cost ($/yr) 184577.05 152PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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