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bases, and stickers were calculated by multiplying the respective number of piles by the price provided by Plant E. Tax and insurance rates were based on information provided by Plant D. The price of lumber was obtained from the Hardwood Market Report 2013. The average daily volume of lumber on yard and in kilns on any given day (MBF), total capacity of kilns, number of Kilns, operational year, annual throughput (MBF/yr), run times (hrs.), kiln cycles per year, average length of kiln run (days), air drying time (weeks), final drying time (hrs), volume air dry stock (Mbf), maximum and minimum drying temperature (F) were provided by Plant C. The number of fans and fan rate per load (KW) was estimated using information supplied by kiln company A. The total of kW per year for Plant C was estimated by multiplying the number of fans by the total number of kilns. Then, the fan rate per load was multiplied by the number of cycles per year and then by the total number of fans. The electrical cost was provided by Plant D ($0.10/kW) and it was multiplied by the kW per year for each company. Fuel consumption was given by Plant D and the formulas to estimate the BTU’s are presented in Appendix II. The depreciation for fences, lightning systems, stickers were taken from the study proposed by MacMillen and Wengert (1978); the maintenance of the kiln, boiler and yard was taken from Fortin (2010). The wage salaries were estimated using information supplied by Plant D. The electrical usage per load for vacuum drying was provided by Company A. The amount of kW/load was multiplied by the respective number of loads in each scenario (vacuum with air drying and no air drying); then, the obtained value was multiplied by the total number of kilns of each scenario. The electrical cost was obtained from Plant D ($0.10/kW) and it was multiplied by the total amount of kW/year. Vacuum drying costs with no air drying were estimated as described for conventional and vacuum air drying. Plant D provided the wage salaries per year of their workers, and these were used as a base for the Plant C operators. The wage salaries correspond to two forklift works, two lumber graders, one kiln operator and one yard operator. In the case of vacuum drying with no air drying, only the kiln operator is considered. The maintenance cost was gathered from Fortin (1998). Raw 76PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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