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while surface checks can be approximately 5%. In conventional drying, internal checks can be approximately 3% and end checks 25%. However, conventional drying has better results in moisture content variation, ranging from 5% to 9.6%, while in vacuum drying the variation goes from 2.9% to 28%. Drying defect rates obtained from this section were used to develop a comparison and determine the possible differences between conventional and vacuum drying. However, companies do not quantify this parameter which complicates the data gathering. The drying degrade rate, used for the other portions of the project was obtained from Table 10, in which warp was 3% and shrinkage 5%. 4.2 DRYING TIMES FOR 4/4 RED OAK VACUUM AND CONVENTIONAL DRYING The same companies that provided the data on quality in section 4.1 provided data in regard to drying times. Drying times were also obtained from literature. Table 12 lists the drying times for vacuum and conventional drying provided by Company A and B, and the three flooring manufacturers, and literature review for 4/4 and 8/4 red oak. Table 12. Comparison of Drying Rates between Conventional and Vacuum Drying for 4/4 and 8/4 red oak Specie thickne ss Initial State Drying Time Reference Conventio nal Vacuum Superheated steam Platen High Frequency Red Oak 4/4 Green Green Air dried 40-45% Air dried 20- 25% Green 25-30 days - 18-22 days 12 days 21 days 8-9 days 8 days 4 days - 3 days - Fortin 1998 Company A & B - Fortin 1998 Fortin 1998 Company C and D Dening et. al 66PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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