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costs similar to those presented in McMillen and Wengert (1978) (Appendix I), however, his methodology also includes a detailed analysis of the theoretical energy consumed in kiln drying. Other papers that propose methods for calculating annual drying costs are actually more focused on a particular aspect of the drying process rather than the total overall cost. For example, Reeb (2011) described a methodology for calculating drying costs based on simplified categories of annual fixed and variable costs. However, the main focus of his work was a detailed comparison of different fuels for drying lumber. The model includes 25 variables that are summarized in Appendix I. Redman (2011) developed a model for comparing the costs associated with conventional kin drying and vacuum kiln drying. The goal of his analysis was to determine the size of operation required to make vacuum drying more cost effective than conventional drying for several different species. He divided costs into four main variables: finance, kiln capacity, operational costs and wood characteristics. While the model provides some fixed and variable costs associated with drying, it focuses on costs related to dry Eucalyptus pilularis and Corymbia. Costs related to labor for stacking and moving material, land and maintenance costs, etc. are not included. 2.7.2. FEASIBILITY STUDIES Drying feasibility studies are focused more on determining the long-term return on investment for a drying operation rather than focusing on only the annual drying costs. However, the annual drying costs, including fixed and variable costs, are important in determining the financial feasibility of a drying operation; therefore, evaluating literature on this subject can provide useful information about what variables should be included in calculating annual drying costs. Engalichev and Eddy (1970) were some of the first to develop a computer program to evaluate the cash flow for purchasing equipment for drying lumber. Holmes and Bilek (1983) also developed a modified discounted cash flow computer program to analyze the economics associated with lumber drying. The model was based on programs and analyses developed by the authors for other investment decision-making in the forest products industry. The analysis 18PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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