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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES, AND PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.1 INTRODUCTION Lumber is the most important product derived from hardwood forests in the eastern United States (Luppold and Bumgardner 2008). However, the U.S. hardwood lumber industry has faced many challenges during the past several years. Increasing global competition, high stumpage and energy prices, and the slowing housing market have been some of the major reasons for declining production in the U.S. (Buehlmann et al. 2007, 2010; Buehlmann and Schuler 2009; Gazo and Quesada 2005; Grushecky et al. 2006; Pepke et al. 2010). Czabke et al. (2008) stated that in the last decade, the US-American and German wood and wood-based industries have suffered significant market share losses, due to growing competition. An example of this is the increase in wood product imports from China due to weaker regulations, their ability to build furniture, and an abundant supply of cheap labor (Bo et al. 2006). Wood products industries need to change their business model in order to remain competitive and one way to increase competitiveness is by implementing continuous improvement programs. Continuous improvement programs include initiatives to reduce lead times and inventory produce in very small batches, gear production toward demand instead of stock replenishment, and improve quality (Quesada and Buehlman 2011), all of which fit under the concept of lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing is a system that focuses on delivering customer value while minimizing waste. Lean manufacturing incorporates strategies and tools such as just-in-time manufacturing and cellular plant layouts to reduce production costs by increasing product quality, speed of delivery, and reducing inventory (Hansen 2005). Though lean manufacturing is widely used in many industries, the system is infrequently used by U.S. wood product manufactures since the raw materials used are highly variable and periodically unavailable. Lean manufacturing 1PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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