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thoughtfully. A kiln operator would have to use over a dozen samples (and perhaps as many as two dozen samples) chosen randomly to find samples that represent the wettest and slowest-drying boards in the charge. Even for small kilns, I recommend that you use at least four sample boards. Use good judgement when you select your samples –selecting the right sample boards is more important than having the right number of sample boards. Take most of your samples from the slowest-drying, wettest stock and sample the quickest-drying stock as well to be able to monitor what’s happening to the lumber in the kiln throughout the run. Your kiln probably has places that dry differently from the rest. If you have a new kiln, think about cutting extra sample boards so you can find those spots. After you know how your kiln performs you can distribute your sample boards in the slowest- and fastest-drying locations intentionally. DETERMINING THE MOISTURE CONTENTS OF SAMPLE BOARDS. 1) Cut your moisture sections (one inch along the grain) and kiln sample boards as shown in Figure 41. 2) Remove any loose wood and immediately weigh each of them on your low-capacity, more sensitive balance (0.1 gram sensitivity). Record their weights in a notebook and write the weights on each piece with a permanent marker as well. Put the moisture sections into an oven to dry at about 215°F. If you like, speed up the drying by putting the moisture sections in a microwave oven for a couple of minutes before you put them into a convection oven. To ensure accuracy, I recommend that you not attempt to dry them to completion using only a microwave oven! 3) Don’t wait for sample boards to dry out. Thickly coat both ends of your sample boards immediately with an end coating made for sample boards, such as B.O.S.S.® (Bright Orange Sample Sealer) made by ANCHORSEAL. This coating doesn’t melt off at dry kiln temperatures, so if you put on a thick coating then the sample boards won’t dry out any faster than the other boards in the charge. After applying the end coating, weigh each sample board to the nearest 5 grams (0.01 pound) or better. You will need to use your higher-capacity balance for this, because these boards might weigh 5–10 pounds (more or less, depending on the species, moisture content and size of the board). 4) Record the weights of each sample board and write these original weights directly on the boards with permanent markers as you did with the moisture sections. Because the sample boards are so heavy, the added weight of the end coating is disregarded in any weighings or calculations–accounting for the end coating weight will only change the moisture content calculation by a very small amount. Put the sample boards in a stack of lumber; for green wood especially, be sure to put them in a sample pocket where the temperature and air flow are similar to that of the rest of the lumber. This ensures that they will dry at the same rate as the rest of the lumber. 5) Ovendry the moisture sections in an oven until the weights are unchanging; remember, the oven needs to be at least 212°F to evaporate all the moisture in the sample. Calculate the MC for each section independently using Equation [3] or Equation [5] (repeated below). The moisture contents of the two moisture sections are rarely identical, though they should be similar; if they aren’t, reconsider whether you made a good selection when you chose that sample board. You might have to resample your lumber. 76PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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