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WAYS TO MEASURE MOISTURE CONTENT. There are two ways to measure moisture content in wood: 1) using an oven and drying out the wood, then substituting the appropriate values into one of the equations above; and 2) using an electric moisture meter. THE OVENDRY METHOD. The ovendry method is the gold standard for measuring wood moisture content, and it’s the method used to calibrate electrical moisture meter measurements. It’s easy to do but it takes a bit of time, anywhere from an hour to a day or so depending on the size of the sample and its original moisture content. If you use the ovendry method to measure hardwood lumber moisture contents you will have accurate results every time! The only equipment you need is an oven capable of holding 212°-215°F and a balance. Water boils at 212°F, so that’s the minimum temperature at which to set your oven. You don’t need to buy expensive lab grade equipment; I found a convection oven that would be large enough for most samples at a chain discount store for about $40, for example. Most of your samples won’t be over 12” long and an inch or two wide (you could even cut them in half), so almost any oven will be big enough. A convection oven is better than a toaster oven, because the forced air will make the drying more uniform. The temperature controls in these inexpensive ovens are only approximate, however, and the actual temperature will cycle up and down around the set point. For an additional $15 or so I purchased a digital oven thermometer in the cooking supplies section of the store, and it works just fine – I used wire to attach the sensor to the metal rack and trailed the thermometer wire outside of the oven between the door and the door seal. For the oven that I purchased, I found that I could get a range of about 208° to 220°F with a temperature setting at the top end of “warm.” Be sure that 215°F isn’t too close to the top end of your temperature range because you want to be sure the oven is hot enough. You’ll want two balances: one for small samples and one for large samples, and the smaller balance especially should have pretty good sensitivity to reduce potential errors (Figures 18 and 19). I found two properly-sized balances at a national chain discount hardware store. The small balance has a 2.2 pound (1000 grams) capacity with a resolution of 0.1 gram; that one works really well with the small moisture sections I cut, usually 100 grams or less. My larger balance has a capacity of 11 pounds (5000 grams) with a resolution of 1 gram. I always set the balances to read in grams instead of pounds and ounces because it makes moisture content calculations easier. 28PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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