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LW EW LW EW Figure 8. These micrographs are of the end grain of two different wood species. A diffuse porous species (hard maple) is on the left, and a ring porous species (red oak) is on the right. EW and LW stand for earlywood and latewood, respectively. Earlywood and latewood together make up one year’s growth (a growth ring). Notice how the large, earlywood pores are pretty open (except for a little sawdust) in the red oak shown in Figure 8. These pores are so large that I can blow air through them for demonstrations, and you can too! Take a piece of red oak (I use 5/8” x 5/8” x 3 1⁄2” or so), dip one end in bubble soap and blow through the wood from the dry end. Instant bubbles! Red oak pores are so open and so large that this species cannot be used for barrels used to hold liquids (such as bourbon). White oak is used for this purpose because the pores contain small balloon-like blockages called tyloses. Figure 9 shows a micrograph of white oak for comparison: TYLOSES Figure 9. This micrograph shows a cross-section (end grain) of white oak, a ring porous species, with the earlywood vessels plugged by tyloses. Only one row of earlywood with tyloses is marked, though this growth ring is no different from the rest. Tyloses can slow the drying rate of lumber, which is why their presence (or absence) is important. 17PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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