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~R 1.8 (60) Db =Aseries(1+1.6(εg), ~T Db =1.8* Aseries , 1 with Aseries=εs +εg ˆˆ Db Dv A small percentage of ray cells have to be in parallel to the cell arrangement giving the final form of the radial macroscopic diffusivity as: R ~R ~R ρ0Db =(1−εray)Db +εray×Dray Typical values for ε and D~ R ray ray (61) are 0.05 and 0.1 x Dˆ respectively (Perré and Turner, 2008). v To be consistent, the same amount of ray cells is put in series with tracheids in the tangential direction: (62) Lˆˆ (63) ρ0Db =εsDb +εgDv Thermal Conductivity (λeff) The thermal conductivity is defined using homogenisation in the R-T plane and using a parallel flow model in the longitudinal direction (Perré and Turner, 2008): ~R (64) λ0 = 0.46 × λseries + 0.54 × λ parallel , ρ0DbT =1−ε 1 ε ray + ray ~T ~T Db Dray Due to the considerable length of wood fibres, the longitudinal macroscopic diffusivity is derived using a parallel model of the form: 1 T n ˆnn ~ λ =(ελ +ελ ), withn=0.6 0 gair sˆs⊥ λL=ελ +ελ 1 λs ⊥ λair zero. Constant values λair = 0.023 W m-1 K-1 and λˆs⊥ = 0.5 W m-1 K-1. The effect of ray cells are into account such that: 0 g air s s// ˆ ˆ withλ ≈2×λ , where λseries = εs + εg ˆ s// s⊥ ˆ and λparallel =εsλs⊥ +εgλair. Properties with a subscript of 0 denote thermal conductivities at a moisture content equal to 43 Evaluation of super–heated steam vacuum drying viability and development of a predictive drying model for Australian hardwood species – Final reportPDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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