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• Queensland University of Technology (QUT) – mathematical modelling and visualisation • Wood Science at École Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF) in Nancy, France – drying modelling, instrumentation and wood property measurement • Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF) – High performance computing and model optimisation Some of the wood property measurements, essential to develop an accurate model, required the use of specifically designed equipment only available in the ENGREF laboratory, France. With the aid of funding from an FWPA Denis Cullity fellowship, this author travelled to the ENGREF laboratory to perform the required tests. The results are reported by Redman (http://fwpa.com.au, 2008). For the modelling component, QCIF provided external funding to optimise the model convergence times and use of High Performance Computers (HPC). The results of which are reported by Redman (http://www.qcif.edu.au, 2010). Additionally, the vacuum drying model was developed and implemented as part of this authors PhD project offered by QUT. At the stage of writing Redman’s PhD is pending. 2.1 Applied drying – Experimental drying trials The following report presents the results of sixteen vacuum drying trials and corresponding end–matched conventional drying trials for C. citriodora, E. pilularis, E. marginata and E. obliqua (four trials per species). The structure of applied drying trials’ reporting is such that the materials and methods section is generic across all trials and species. Results and conclusions are reported separately for each species, allowing the reader to peruse their specific area (species) of interest. 2.2 Applied trials - Economic model For the hardwood sawn timber industry, drying is the single processing step that adds the greatest value. However, there is significant variation in this cost between processors and methods. Therefore, processors who operate with higher efficiency, have greater profitability than their competitors. This section of the report investigates economic comparisons between conventional and vacuum kiln drying from the green condition. This was facilitated via the creation and use of an economic model based on fundamental economic and wood drying principles. The objective of this work was to determine the economic viability of vacuum drying Australian hardwoods compared to current conventional methods. This was achieved by using the ‘best case scenario’ vacuum drying trial for each species studied. The best case for each species was chosen based on the best dried quality outcome (comparable to conventional trials) and fastest drying time. Comparisons were based on determining the vacuum drying time producing the same cost of drying as for conventional trials and comparing this to the vacuum drying times achieved for the best case trials per species. We present a number of case studies for different sized operations. 2.3 Drying modelling - Measurement of kiln conditions and wood drying properties We used specialised instruments on test boards during vacuum drying trials to obtain, through continuous ‘real–time’ measurements, a greater understanding of the kiln conditions and 2PDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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