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26 Emerald Ash Borer Regulatory and outreach__________________________________________ pressures to determine desiccation rates and lethal percentage weight loss. Some A. planipen- nis larvae died at 26% weight loss, and all were dead at approximately 40% weight loss, the latter of which required at least 15 hours at 20 mmHg and 20° C. The desiccation rate of A. planipennis larvae under vacuum at 20 mmHg and 20° C was 2.395% weight loss per hour. Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity affected desiccation rate. Larvae desic- cated slower at cold temperatures; no larvae had died after 36 hours of vacuum treatment at -10° C and 20 mmHg, and weight loss was approximately 5%. Desiccation and mortality were also lower for larvae when inserted into blocks of wood (10 cm wide by 10 cm long by 2.5 cm thick) made from 5.1 cm × 10.2 cm (2” × 4”) Douglas fir lumber with a moisture content of 16.6%. After 28 hours of vacuum treatment at 20 mmHg and 20° C, mortality of larvae inside wooden blocks was only 13% and weight loss was only 26%. We also evalu- ated vacuum treatment of naturally-infested logs with greater than 30% moisture content. Infested logs were approximately 15 cm in diameter and 60 cm long. For each replicate, five infested logs were placed inside a vacuum treatment bag at 20 mmHg and 20° C, and one log was held in the laboratory at ambient conditions. The experiment was replicated four times. Logs were checked every day, and a small area was dissected to determine if larvae inside were dead or alive. If a live larva was found, the logs were returned to the vacuum bag for continued treatment. After 10 days, the treatment was ended, and all logs were completely dissected to deter- mine the total number of live and dead larvae remaining. After 10 days of vacuum treatment, mortality of A. planipennis larvae inside the logs was greater than 98%. The final moisture content of logs following treatment was 18.7%. The conclusion was that at least 10 days of vacuum treatment would be required to kill A. planipennis in infested logs. REfEREnCEs Haack, R.A., E. Jendek, H. Liu, K.R. Marchant, T.R. Petrice, T.M. Poland, and H. Ye. 2002. The emerald ash borer: a new exotic pest in North America. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomologi- cal Society 47(3&4):1-5. Poland, T.M. and D.G. McCullough. 2006. Emerald ash borer: invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource. Journal of Forestry 104(3):118-124. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS). 2003. Emerald ash borer, quarantine and regulations. Federal Register. 7 CFR Part 301, 68(198):59082-59091. EmErald ash BorEr rEsEarch and dEvElopmEnt rEviEw mEEting—2007PDF Image | Evaluation of Firewood Bagging and Vacuum Treatment for Ash Borer
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