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and reaction by-products such as water from the resin’s chemical reactions are generated. Volatiles (i.e., solvent and reaction by-products) are free to escape because of the absence of pressure in this period. The resultant residual volatile content and residual fluidity of the matrix resin remaining inside the composite are determined by the B-stage conditions. After the B-stage period, a second temperature ramp-and-hold is followed. Pressure is applied during this high temperature ramp-and-hold period to afford laminate consolidation and to attain desired physical properties of the resin matrix and good mechanical properties for the composite. Once the consolidation pressure is applied, residual volatiles, if any, are locked in and unable to escape. In order to produce a void-free high quality laminate, the residual volatile content and processability of the resin matrix must be carefully controlled by a workable cure cycle, which is designed specifically for a given composite system. Figure 1. Schematic drawing of a two-step cure cycle profile. An autoclave is traditionally used in the fabrication of composite materials. It offers enhanced processing flexibility compared to other common processing equipment such as an oven or press. However, composite fabrication by autoclave is very costly in terms of capital investment, and limits the size of the parts that can be produced. To address this issue, recent NASA programs, such as the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) program, have emphasized the development of out-of- autoclave processing techniques for high temperature resistant composites. Single-vacuum-bag (SVB) processing in an oven is an attractive alternative. SVB processing in an oven utilizes atmosphericPDF Image | Evaluation of Double-Vacuum-Bag Process For Composite Fabrication
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