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MATEC Web of Conferences 108, 10001 (2017) ICMAA 2017 DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201710810001 Table 3. Summary of drying characteristics of kekatong. Characteristics Inner part MC (%) Outer part MC (%) Tangential (%) Radial shrinkage (%) T/R (%) Volumetric shrinkage (%) No. of boards with checks/Total boards Percentage of boards with checksa ≤ 5% 6% to ≤ 10% 11% to ≤ 15% >15% No. of boards with checks/ Total boards Percentage of boards with checksa ≤ 5% 6% to ≤ 10% 11% to ≤ 15% >15% Boards with checks (%) Boards with checks (%) No. of boards Deflection/Width (%) No. of boards Deflection/Length (%) No. of boards Deflection/Length (%) Absent Slightly Casehardened Reversed casehardened Kiln RFV Thickness (mm) Drying time (day) Initial MC (%) Final MC (%) MC variation within boards Shrinkage Surface checks End checks Internal checks (honeycomb) Collapse Cupping Bowing Spring Drying stress (%) 30 14.2 34.3 (5.4) 10.2 (1.4) 9.5 (1.3) 10.5 (2.8) 6.4 (0.9) 3.3 (0.9) 2.1 (0.7) 9.5 (1.0) 21/60 88% 0% 2% 10% 11/60 100% 0% 0% 55 27.3 39.0 (9.6) 16.2 (2.39) 14.8 (1.4) 18.8 (3.7) 6.9 (0.8) 3.5 (0.8) 2.2 (0.4) 9.5 (1.1) 20/20 55% 5% 20% 20% 20/20 55% 35% 7% 30 6.7 35.0 (3.4) 13.3 (0.9) 13.2 (0.9) 13.2 (1.1) 4.7 (0.8) 2.8 (0.9) 1.5 (0.6) 7.4 (1.4) 25/32 84% 13% 0% 3% 31/32 80% 19% 1% 55 16.1 39.5 (6.7) 13.9 (2.0) 11.4 (2.1) 14.4 (2.3) 4.6 (1.3) 3.0 (0.7) 1.6 (0.5) 7.4 (1.5) 15/16 100% 0% 0% 0% 13/16 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2/16 0.1 5/16 0.1 8/16 0.1 90 10 0 0 0% 3% % 0% 0% 0% 0% 0/60 0/20 0 0 13/60 3/20 0.1 0.1 10/60 3/20 0.1 0.1 74 35 7 65 19 0 0 0 0% 0% 0/32 0 15/32 0.1 16/32 0.1 100 0 0 0 a Percentage of surface area with checks 3.1 Moisture content and density The basic density of kekatong was 821 ± 38 kg/m3 (Table 2). The average air dry density of kekatong at 15% MC is between 880 and 1,155 kg/m3 [10]. The mean green MC was 42 ± 11%. The results obtained in this study indicated that kekatong had a low green MC but dense, which could be difficult to dry. 3.2 Drying time Figure 2 shows the drying curve of kekatong. The 30 mm boards achieved average moisture content of 10.2% after drying in a kiln for 14.2 days while 55 mm boards achieved average MC of 16.2% after 27.3 days. RFV drying time for 30 mm boards was 6.7 days while 55 mm boards were dried to 13.9% MC in 16.1 days. Drying time of kekatong in RFV was about half of the kiln drying time. Figure 2. Drying curve of 30 mm and 55 mm thick kekatong. 3.3 Moisture content variation between samples Final MC for RFV ranged from 11.2 to 13.9 for 30 mm and 9.5 to 15.2%for 55 mm boards, respectively while for KD, MC ranged from 10.1 to 16.2% (30 mm boards) and 13.3 to 18.7 (55 mm boards). It was observed that large variation in MC was observed for kiln dried samples and the variation of MC however was reduced in the RFV runs. The percentage boards between 10 to 14% MC, 3PDF Image | Characteristics of Timbers Dried Using Kiln Drying
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