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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 CHAPTER 10. WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 1 TERMINOLOGY 10-1. GENERAL. The removal or addition of equipment results in changes to the center of gravity (c.g.). The empty weight of the air- craft, and the permissible useful load are af- fected accordingly. Investigate the effects of these changes, since the aircraft flight charac- teristics may be adversely affected. Informa- tion on which to base the record of weight and balance changes to the aircraft may be ob- tained from the pertinent Aircraft Specifica- tions, Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS), prescribed aircraft operating limitations, air- craft flight manual, aircraft weight and balance report, and maintenance manual. Removal of standard parts with negligible weight or addi- tion of minor items of equipment such as nuts, bolts, rivets, washers, and similar standard parts of negligible weight on fixed-wing air- craft do not require a weight and balance check. Rotorcraft are, in general, more critical with respect to control with changes in the c.g. position. Refer to the procedures and instruc- tions in that particular model’s maintenance or flight manual. 10-2. TERMINOLOGY. The following terminology is used in the practical application of weight and balance control. a. Maximum Weight. The maximum weight is the maximum authorized weight of the aircraft and its contents as listed in the specifications. b. Empty Weight. The empty weight of an aircraft includes all operating equipment that has a fixed location and is actually in- stalled in the aircraft. It includes the weight of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and special equipment, fixed ballast, full engine coolant, hydraulic fluid, residual fuel, and oil. Additional information regarding fluids that may be contained in the aircraft systems and must be included in the empty weight will be indicated in the pertinent Air- craft Specifications or TCDS. c. Negligible Weight Change is any change of one pound or less for aircraft whose weight empty is less than 5,000 pounds; two pounds or less for aircraft whose weight empty is more than 5,000 and 50,000 pounds; and five pounds or less for aircraft whose weight empty is more than 50,000 pounds. Negligible c. g. change is any change of less than 0.05% MAC for fixed wing aircraft, 0.2 percent of the maximum allowable c. g. range for rotary wing aircraft. d. Useful Load. The useful load is the empty weight subtracted from the maximum weight of the aircraft. This load consists of the pilot, crew (if applicable), maximum oil, fuel, passengers, and baggage unless otherwise noted. e. Weight Check. The weight check con- sists of checking the sum of the weights of all items of useful load against the authorized use- ful load (maximum weight less empty weight) of the aircraft. f. Datum. The datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal meas- urements are taken for balance purposes with the aircraft in level flight attitude. The datum is indicated in most Aircraft Specifications or TCDS. On some of the older aircraft, when the datum is not indicated, any convenient da- tum may be selected. Once the datum is se- lected, all moment arms and the location of the permissible c.g. range must be taken with ref- erence to it. Examples of typical locations of the datum are shown in figure 10-1. Par 10-1 Page 10-1PDF Image | AFS-640
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