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9/8/98 AC 43.13-1B a. The ability to inspect for both internal and external flaws. b. The ability to inspect covered or hid- den parts or structures. c. The ability to detect significant varia- tions in composition. d. Provides a permanent recording of raw inspection data. 5-81. FLAWS. Certain types of flaws are difficult to detect by radiography. Cracks can- not be detected unless they are essentially along the axis of the radiation beam. Tight cracks in thick sections may not be detected at all, even when properly oriented. Minute dis- continuities such as: inclusions in wrought material, flakes, microporosity, and microfis- sures may not be detected unless they are suf- ficiently segregated to yield a detectable gross effect. Delaminations are nearly impossible to detect with radiography. Because of their un- favorable orientation, delaminations do not yield differences in adsorption that enable laminated areas to be distinguished from de- laminated areas. 5-82. FIELD INSPECTION. The field in- spection of thick sections can be a time- consuming process, because the effective radiation output of portable sources may re- quire long exposure times of the radiographic film. This limits field usage to sources of lower activity that can be transported. The output of portable x-ray sources may also limit field inspection of thick sections, particularly if a portable x-ray tube is used. Portable x-ray tubes emit relatively low-energy (300 kev) ra- diation and are limited in the radiation output. Both of these characteristics of portable x-ray tubes combine to limit their application to the inspection of sections having the adsorption equivalent of 75 mm (3 inches) of steel maxi- mum. Portable linear accelerators and be- tatrons that provide high-energy (> 1 MeV) x-rays can be used for the radiographic field inspection of thicker sections. 5-83. SAFETY. Radiographic safety re- quirements can be obtained from; the OEM’s manual, FAA requirements, cognizant FAA ACO engineers, and radiation safety organiza- tions such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commis- sion (NRC). Information in radiation safety publications can be used as a guide to ensure that radiation exposure of personnel involved in radiographic operations is limited to safe levels, and to afford protection for the general public. 5-84.5-88.[RESERVED.] Par 5-80 Page 5-39 (and 5-40)PDF Image | AFS-640
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