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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 Paragraph Page CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 4-59. Repairing Cracked Members......................................................................................................................4-40 Figure4-20. ExampleofIntermediateFrameStringerSplice(Material2017-T3ALAlloy).................4-41 Figure4-21. TypicalMethodsofRepairingCrackedLeadingandTrailingEdges and Rib Intersections ..................................................................................................................................4-42 Figure4-22. TypicalMethodsofReplacingCrackedMemberatFittings..............................................4-43 Figure4-23. TypicalMethodsofRepairingCrackedFrameandStiffenerCombination.......................4-44 Figure4-24. TypicalRepairstoRudderandtoFuselageatTailPost.....................................................4-45 4-60. Steel and Aluminum Fittings ......................................................................................................................4-40 Figure4-25. TypicalMethodsofRepairingElongatedorWornBoltHoles...........................................4-46 4-61. Castings.......................................................................................................................................................4-40 4-62. Selective Plating in Aircraft Maintenance..................................................................................................4-40 4-63.4-73. [RESERVED.]............................................................................................................................4-51 SECTION5. WELDINGANDBRAZING 4-74. General........................................................................................................................................................4-53 Table 4-12. Figure4-26. Table 4-13. Figure 4-27 Current and Polarity Selection for Inert Gas Welding ........................................................4-54 CommonDefectstoAvoidwhenFittingandWeldingAircraftCertificationCluster........4-55 Torch Tip Sizes ....................................................................................................................4-55 Butt-Welding Strength Calculations ....................................................................................4-56 4-75. Equipment Selection...................................................................................................................................4-53 4-76. Accurately Identify the Type of Material to be Repaired ..........................................................................4-54 4-77. Preparation for Welding .............................................................................................................................4-54 4-78. Inspection of a Completed Weld ................................................................................................................4-54 4-79. Microfissures ..............................................................................................................................................4-55 4-80. Nondestructive Testing...............................................................................................................................4-55 4-81. Practices to Guard Against .........................................................................................................................4-55 4-82. Torch Size (Oxyacetylene welding) ...........................................................................................................4-55 4-83. Welding Rods and Electrodes ....................................................................................................................4-56 4-84. Rosette Welds .............................................................................................................................................4-56 4-85. Heat-Treated Members...............................................................................................................................4-56 4-86. Types of Welding .......................................................................................................................................4-56 Figure 4-28. Figure4-29. Figure4-30. Basic Gas-Welding Flames: Each has Distinctive Shape, Color and Sound. Neutral Flame is the Most Used...........................................................................................4-57 SetTIGWeldertoDCCurrent,StraightPolarityforWeldingMildSteel, Stainless Steel and Titanium................................................................................................4-58 SetTIGtoACCurrentforWeldingAluminumandMagnesium.......................................4-58 4-87. Electric-Resistance Welding ......................................................................................................................4-58 Figure4-31. InSpotWelding,HeatisProducedbyElectricalResistanceBetween Copper Electrodes. Pressure is Simultaneously Applied to Electrode Tips to Force Metal Together to Complete Fusing Process. Spot-Weld-Nugget Size is Directly Related to Tip Size .............................................................................................4-58 4-88. Brazing........................................................................................................................................................4-59 Table 4-14. Figure4-32. Figure 4-33. Calculated Allowable Strength of Base Metal.....................................................................4-60 SilverBrazingJoints............................................................................................................4-60 Electric Soldering Iron .........................................................................................................4-61 4-89. Aircraft Parts Not to be Welded................................................................................................................4-62 4-90. Welding Rod Selection...............................................................................................................................4-62 Table 4-15. Chart Showing Welding Filler Rod Selection .....................................................................4-63 4-91. Repair of Tubular Members .......................................................................................................................4-62 Figure4-34. FingerPatchRepairsforMembersDentedataCluster......................................................4-64 4-92. Repair by Welded Sleeve ...........................................................................................................................4-65 Figure4-35. MembersDentedinaBay(RepairsbyWeldedSleeve).....................................................4-66 Page ixPDF Image | AFS-640
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