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control system. The other two sensors connected to the green flow lines are temperature sensors, which are connected to a first order filter to model the dynamics in the sensors, before they are come to the control system block. In the upper right corner, there is a block for the model losses, the function that calculates the needed engine power output based on the desired electric power output. The power is then divided with the actual angular velocity to get the net torque to be extracted from the single shaft. The control system inputs are the speed and the actual power generated and the outputs are fuel rate and a new value of power to be generated. 6.2 Static verification The model was statically verified with data from DSA simulations. The DSA model has been carefully tuned to reflect the properties of the real microturbine and the result from DSA can therefore be regarded as highly reliable. It is also better to verify the results from the Dymola model with DSA results, since there are some variables that are not usually measured in the real microturbine. This could e.g. be the recuperator efficiency, see equation (5.5.4), where the temperature of the air after the recuperator needs to be measured. The computed values of the compressor and turbine maps have been verified by Volvo Aero Corporation AB and correction parameters have been added to the efficiency, mass flow and pressure ratio variables. Apart from that, there are additional correction parameters within Turbec AB on the efficiency and the mass flow of the compressor and the turbine. All these parameters have been used in the T100 model, with some modifications. The simulations were done in the parallel mode, i.e. with the normal control system. The simulation time was set to 2000 seconds to ensure that the model had reached equilibrium. As mentioned above the tolerance was set to 1e-6. The 13 most important variables are used as reference variables in the verification process. The percentage error of each variable is given in the table below and is defined as: ∂x = xmodel − xDSA ⋅100 xDSA The absolute values are not included in this report because that information is classified. Verification of the Dymola model of the T100 microturbine at steady state Variables rotational speed power generated fuel rate turbine inlet temperature turbine outlet temperature mass flow pressure ratio compressor pressure drop recuperator efficiency gas/water hex efficiency compressor efficiency turbine efficiency total efficiency Abbrev. units n rpm Pgen kW q_released kW TIT K TOT K mdot kg/s pr non-dim dp kPa eta_recup non-dim eta_waterhex non-dim eta_comp non-dim eta_turbine non-dim eta_total non-dim Perc. Err 100 kW -0,238 0,000 0,346 -0,852 0,297 -0,564 -0,838 0,510 -1,080 -0,775 0,586 0,703 -0,334 Perc. Err 70 kW 0,098 0,000 0,914 -0,876 0,080 -1,262 -1,884 3,557 -1,753 1,284 -0,441 0,524 -0,895 Perc. Err 50 kW -0,536 0,000 0,192 -1,031 0,058 -1,482 -3,753 1,118 -2,139 2,377 -0,397 0,539 -0,179 45PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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