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Figure 23: The heat exchanger model with arrows indicating counter flow pattern The heat exchanger can be discretisised by the user via a parameter. At discretisation the control volume and the flow model of the pipe are discretisised, so that the control volumes and flow models come in alternating sequence. A higher degree of discretisation gives a higher accuracy in the model. On the other hand, smaller discretisation volumes give smaller time constants and stiffer model as well as increasing the number of dynamic states. The computation time increases with the stiffness and the number of states, but also depends on the transients to be simulated. The model error, due to discretisation, can be seen in figure 24, below. The heat exchanger is divided into n separate smaller control volumes and flow models. In each control volume the temperature is, as previously mentioned, an average temperature of that control volume. If we want to know the outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger, it is the temperature of the last control volume in the flow direction that will be used. That temperature, however, is still only the average temperature and not the exact outlet temperature. The model error decreases for a higher order of discretisation but again, there is a trade off between accuracy and computation time. Note also that the model error is larger for the side of the heat exchanger, where the cold air exits. It is in that part, where the temperature curve increases the most. On the opposite side, where the hot gas exits, the model error is much smaller, since the temperature curve is less steep. 37PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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