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5.5 The heat exchanger The function of a heat exchanger is to transfer heat from one medium to another, often separated by a solid wall. It can be used in space heating, air-conditioning, power production and chemical processing. The following information and more can be found in DeWitt (1996) and Gustafsson (1998). There are different heat exchangers depending on flow arrangement and type of construction. The simplest heat exchanger is a concentric tube where the fluids flow in either parallel direction or in a counterflow manner. Another version is the crossflow heat exchanger where the fluids meet perpendicular to each other. There are numerous methods of analysis, the two most common are the log-mean temperature difference and the effectiveness (efficiency) -NTU method. The log-mean method is used when the outlet temperatures are given by specifications or can be readily determined from the energy balances. It is also used in heat exchangers with low order of discretisation. In other cases the effectiveness-NTU method is to be preferred. The outlet temperatures are unknown in the T100 and therefore only the effectiveness-NTU method will be described. The recuperator of the T100 is a counterflow heat exchanger, even though there is some crossflow in the beginning and in the end, see figure 7. The hot fluid is the flue gas from the turbine and the cold fluid is the compressed air on the way to the combustion chamber. The heat exchange is modelled in the following way. Surface A Wall Surface B qin =αA(Tfluegas −TSurface A) qa = kA(Tsurface A −Tmetal ) L & (qa −qb) Tmetal = mcp qb =kA(Tmetal −TsurfaceB) L qout = αA (TSurface B − Tair ) Compressed Air Figure 22: The heat equations for convection and conduction for 1-dim wall 34 Flue gasPDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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