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In-Depth Analysis of Useful Waste Heat Recovery and Performance of Level 3/3N Systems

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In-Depth Analysis of Useful Waste Heat Recovery and Performance of Level 3/3N Systems ( in-depth-analysis-useful-waste-heat-recovery-and-performance )

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CPUC Self-Generation Incentive Program – Thermal Analysis Report team then identified those facilities that had significant problems complying with the requirements (i.e., the “poor” performers) and identified the facilities that exceeded the requirements (i.e., the “good” performers). By comparing the design and operational aspects of the “good” performers against the “poor” performers, the Itron M&E team was able to isolate possible causes of problems in achieving PUC 218.5 requirements. In-depth analyses, surveys, and site visits were then used to develop recommendations on ways in which to obtain improved efficiencies and better useful waste heat recovery. ES.2 Findings Incentive Level 3/3N cogeneration facilities implemented under the SGIP to date use two different systems for power generation and heat recovery: 1) reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICEs) and 2) microturbines. Based on the evaluation of these two cogeneration technologies, Itron developed the following findings: 1. Overall, Level 3/3N cogeneration systems exceeded PUC 218.5(a) requirements for useful waste heat recovery. As shown in Table ES-1, Level 3 and 3N cogeneration systems combined achieved an average PUC 218.5(a) level of 43.4%. This is significantly higher than the 5% requirement. In addition, this level of useful waste heat recovery should help mitigate any potential concerns that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) may have regarding SGIP facilities only minimally meeting useful waste heat recovery operations. 2. Overall, Level 3/3N cogeneration facilities failed to achieve PUC 218.5(b) requirements. As shown in Table ES-1, Level 3 and 3N cogeneration systems combined achieved an average PUC 218.5(b) level of 36.8%, falling short of the required 42.5% efficiency. 3. When compared against one another, microturbines seem to have a better level of waste heat recovery than reciprocating ICEs. This may be partially due to the incorporation of heat exchangers into the microturbine unit and may be partially due to their lower electrical conversion efficiencies – leaving more heat available for energy recovery in the exhaust stream. 4. Microturbines were found to have a significantly higher capacity factor than ICEs, meaning that microturbines are operating more often and/or closer to design capacity. 5. ICEs were found to have significantly higher electrical conversion efficiencies than microturbines, contributing to their relatively higher PUC 218.5(b) results. ES-2 Executive Summary

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