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Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA Technical Reference: Microturbine System Emissions Emissions at Part Power Capstone microturbines are designed to maintain combustion stability and low emissions over a wide operating range. Capstone microturbines utilize multiple fuel injectors, which are switched on or off depending on the power output of the turbine. All injectors are typically on when maximum power is demanded, regardless of the ambient temperature or elevation. As the load requirements of the microturbine are decreased, injectors will be switched off to maintain stability and low emissions. However, the emissions relative to the lower power output may increase. This effect differs for each microturbine model. Emissions Calculations for Permitting Air Permitting agencies are normally concerned with the maximum amount of a given pollutant being emitted per unit of time (for example pounds per day of NOx). The simplest way to make this calculation is to use the maximum microturbine full electrical power output (expressed in MW) multiplied by the emissions rate in pounds per MWhe times the number of hours per day. For example, the C65 CARB microturbine operating on natural gas would have a NOx emissions rate of: NOx = .17 X (65/1000) X 24 = .27 pounds per day This would be representative of operating the equipment full time, 24 hours per day, at full power output of 65 kWe. As a general rule, if local permitting is required, use the published agency levels as the stated emissions for the permit and make sure that this permitted level is above the calculated values in this technical reference. Consideration of Useful Thermal Output Capstone microturbines are often deployed where their clean exhaust can be used to provide heating or cooling, either directly or using hot water or other heat transfer fluids. In this case, the local permitting or standards agencies will usually consider the emissions from traditional heating sources as being displaced by the useful thermal output of the microturbine exhaust energy. This increases the useful output of the microturbine, and decreases the relative emissions of the combined heat and power system. For example, the CARB version C65 ICHP system with integral heat recovery can achieve a total system efficiency of 70% or more, depending on inlet water temperatures and other installation-specific characteristics. The electric efficiency of the CARB version C65 microturbine is 28% at ISO conditions. This means that the total NOx output based emissions, including the captured thermal value, is the electric-only emissions times the ratio of electric efficiency divided by total system efficiency: NOx = .17 X 28/70 = .068 pounds per MWh (based on total system output) This is typically much less than the emissions that would result from providing electric power using traditional central power plants, plus the emissions from a local hot water heater or boiler. In fact microturbine emissions are so low compared with traditional hot water heaters that installing a Capstone microturbine with heat recovery can actually decrease the local emissions of NOx and other criteria pollutants, without even considering the elimination of emissions from a remote power plant. 410065 Rev. B (April 2008) Page 4 of 6 Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.PDF Image | Technical Reference Capstone MicroTurbineTM Systems Emissions
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