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Virtually all MTs are installed with recuperators to achieve 28-30% electrical efficiency. Unrecuperated MTs generally run at 14-17% efficiency (LHV). The recuperator is a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the exhaust gas to the discharge air. Before it enters the combustor, the exhaust gas is reduced to near compressor discharge temperature and the compressor discharge air is heated to near turbine exhaust gas temperature. The heat added to the air reduces the amount of fuel required to raise the temperature to that required by the turbine. The electrical output is a high-frequency AC (1500-4000 Hz, 3-phase). The voltage is rectified and inverted to a normal 3-phase 50 or 60 Hz. In most systems, the power inverter and the alternator are used as the turbine starting system. In some cases two 12-volt batteries provide system power; those without "black start" capability (e.g., capable of starting independently) require AC power from the grid for their initial starting operation. 1.2 Methodology This report was prepared by analyzing manufacturer’s specifications against the most common industry sources for design, manufacturing, performance, installation and operation standards for electrical equipment installed in the United States. The following agencies provided primary or secondary information in this report: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Electrical Generating Systems Association (EGSA) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA) National Evaluation Service (NES) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1.2PDF Image | PNNL 13277
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