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CHAPTER 9 Capstone PROTECTIVE RELAY FUNCTIONS Rate of Change of Frequency (Anti-Islanding Protective Function) The C200 microturbine contains integrated active anti-islanding protective functions. These include an excessive Rate of Change of Frequency protective function, which will cause a Grid Fault Shutdown. The anti-islanding protection is tested and verified as part of the UL1741 listing. Over Current and Fault Current In the Grid Connect mode, the total fault current capacity at the installation site is the sum of the fault current from the electric utility grid and that produced by all the on-site generators, including microturbines. The rating of fault current interrupting devices at the site should be checked to ensure that they are capable of interrupting the total fault current available. The electric utility grid operator will usually wish to be informed of the microturbine fault current contribution in order to assess the impact of the additional fault current on the electric utility grid and customers connected to it. At most installation sites the addition of a Capstone microturbine may not result in a significant increase in the total fault current. However, the potential impact of the increase in fault current should be assessed. When operating in Grid Connect mode, the C200 microturbine operation is controlled to deliver current corresponding to the power delivery set point (but less than the maximum steady state current of 310 A). The C200 microturbine does not include passive over current protection, but does provide extremely fast active current control. The microturbine output acts as a current source, using the grid voltage as a reference for both magnitude and phase angle. Active current control ensures that the steady-state current will not exceed 310A per phase, regardless of the utility voltage. Under transient or fault conditions, active current control and sub-cycle current interruption capability ensure that the RMS current in any half cycle does not exceed 500A RMS. For some severe transients, the inverter may shut down within 1 or 2 cycles due to excessive or unstable current. Even under these conditions, the RMS current in any half cycle will not exceed 500A. For less severe transients, the active current control will maintain the current at a value not more than 310A RMS. The microturbine will continue to operate in this mode until some other protective function stops power flow. For example, the Fast Under Voltage protective function can be set to detect a reduced utility voltage and initiate a Grid-Fault Shutdown within 160ms. It is essential for safe operation and service that a circuit protective disconnect device (circuit breaker or fused disconnect) be installed between each C200 microturbine and the utility grid or protected loads. This protective device must be rated for the total fault current, and is intended to protect the microturbine and associated power cables from fault current flowing back from the utility grid and/or other connected microturbines. Local electric codes will almost always require such a disconnect. The added functionality of this protective device is not considered here. Reverse Power Flow (Protective Function 32) If the C200 microturbine output is greater than the local load demand, the excess power generated by the microturbine will flow back to the grid. Return flow to the grid may be undesirable for two reasons: 1) The connected electric utility may not allow power to be exported to its grid, and therefore may require that generating equipment cease operation if this condition exists, or 2) The electric utility 410066 Rev C (June 2009) 9-7 Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.PDF Image | CAPSTONE C200 MICROTURBINE TECHNICAL REFERENCE
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