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project champions actively solicited additional financial support in order to make the project a reality. Efficiency Vermont increased its incentive offer from $25,000 to $40,000. Other key contributors also stepped forward. The Vermont-based Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC) committed $25,000 toward the project. Another Vermont-based organization, NativeEnergy offered $10,000 toward the carbon credits that would be created from the project as a result of onsite generation and the reduction in demand for power plant generation. The Department of Energy, Region 1 provided $5,000 toward the project to assure data collection and dissemination, so that other facilities could benefit from the knowledge gained from the Essex Junction experience. And negotiations with the low bidder, Vermont-based company Northern Power Systems, provided important technical insight to optimize system performance while containing costs. Without the financial support and personal dedication of all of these organizations, and especially the commitment of Essex Junction personnel, the WWTF’s methane-fueled cogeneration system would not have materialized. The final, installed system is based on a design/build approach with performance standards and includes the following characteristics. o 480 Volt – 3 Phase Power o 3% Maximum Voltage Distortion o 5% Maximum Harmonics Distortion, and compliance with IEEE 519-1992 o Full compliance with IEEE interconnect standards o Dual-fuel microturbines (with natural gas/methane blending capability) Start-Up and Ongoing Operations Project start up included several activities prior to “going live” with the system. The local electric utility was subcontracted to perform the electrical installation. This ensured that all utility requirements were met during the installation. An area of some difficulty was enabling a smooth transition from methane-fueled cogeneration to natural gas-fueled cogeneration and back again. Although a dual fuel microturbine was specified, the actual control and sequencing of switching from one fuel source to another was not a trivial matter. Contractor personnel ultimately developed a successful proprietary protocol that provided methane/natural gas blending during transitions from one fuel to the other without fuel fault to the generators. Another activity included the need to update the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system with new screen views and monitoring/control capabilities. Computer programming was necessary to integrate the monitor and control functions with the actual equipment. Recent condensation and cooling work has built on initial system, pre-compression moisture removal capabilities. Preliminary design work estimated that the level of methane generated at the WWTF would be sufficient to operate two 30kW microturbines an average of approximately 40 total hours each day. Since installation of the system in October 2003, there has been sufficient methane generation to run the two microturbines 48 total hours each day. One reason for consistently high methane production is that, prior to the cogeneration installation, the WWTF had its two anaerobic digesters cleaned to ensure proper process heating and to maximize methane gas generation. These extra 8 hours of run time each day represent more than 80,000 kWh of electricity each year. And now that methane is a valuable energy resource for the WWTF, it is monitored and managed more carefully than when it was simply a waste by-PDF Image | Turning Methane into Money: Cost-Effective Methane Co-Generation Using Microturbines at a Small, Rural Wastewater Plant
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