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IV. Calculation of the Electric Margin and output levels: The value of the electrical output of a generator will depend on four factors: The number of cows, the electric rate structure, the rules regarding how the electricity is used, and the capacity of the digester/generator system. The analysis will proceed as follows: For a farm of any given size, a range of generator capacities will be proposed. The optimal utilization under each potential price and use regime will be determined, and an electric margin will be calculated taking the capacity as given. If data on capacity costs and the value of non-electric outputs were available then the optimal capacity could be determined. This last step is not possible for me currently. Pricing and Flexibility I consider two different sets of rules governing the use of the electricity. Under the inflexible regime farms are constrained to either using all of the electricity they generate themselves, or to selling it all back to the electric grid. They do not have right, or the technology to direct electricity to different uses at different times. Under the flexible regime, on the other hand, a farm is at liberty to direct electricity to wherever it may be most profitably applied. I consider these two regimes because the latter is available in Minnesota9, while it has been suggested to me that the former is the only likely regime on offer in Wisconsin in the near future. The price regimes that I will consider fall into three categories. Either the price at which a farm may sell its electricity (ps) exceeds, is equal to, or is exceeded by, the price at which it buys electricity (pb). As an example of a price regime in the first category, I choose prices ps = $0.09 /kWh, and pb=$0.035/kWh. These might be representative of the prices faced by Tinesdale Farms, although small farms are unlikely to receive this preferential purchase price.10 As examples of price regimes in the second category, I choose prices ps = pb =$0.067/kWh and ps = pb =$0.0725/kWh. The former is the price that dairy farms requiring less than 200,000 kWh annually pay to Alliant energy, while the latter are the prices Haubenschild farms actually faces. Finally, I choose two sets of prices in the third category. The first is pb =$0.067/kWh and ps ==$0.060/kWh, and the second is pb =$0.0725/kWh and ps = $0.02/kWh. The former is a price structure currently being considered by Alliant Energy for green power producers, while the latter is the price scheme that Haubenschild Farms planned for.11 To summarize, then, I consider two possible sets of rules – flexible and inflexible, and the following five price regimes: TABLE 2: PRICE REGIMES Name Regime I Regime II Regime III Prices ps = $0.09 /kWh, pb=$0.035/kWh ps = pb =$0.0725/kWh ps = pb =$0.067/kWh 9 For example these rules are currently applied to Haubenschild Farms in Princeton, Minnesota. 10 The price at which Tinesdale sells their electricity is confidential. Also, while I do not know their purchase price, we know that as a large farm they probably pay a commercial rate. Alliant Energy offers a commercial rate of 3.5¢/kWh to customers using more than 200,000 kWh annually. 11 The scheme was subsequently improved so that ps = pb =$0.0725/kWh. 9PDF Image | The Economics and Feasibility of Electricity Generation using Manure Digesters on Small and Mid-size Dairy Farms
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