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For future use I define the term electric power potential (EPP) as the maximum amount of electrical power that can be generated on a continuous basis for a given number of cows (assuming that generator capacity is sufficient). For our purposes, this will therefore be the number of cows multiplied by 0.2 kW. As seen above, the electric power potential depends on whether a standard heat engine or a micro-turbine is chosen for generation. The heat engine carries an electrical efficiency of between 21% and 25%, while the micro-turbine has an efficiency of approximately 28%. The difference is negligible compared to the uncertainty in gas production levels. Micro-turbines, however, are useful for their heat capture capability. An estimated 37% of the total heat potential of the gas may be collected when using a micro-turbine. The low quantity and quality of the waste heat that could be captured off a standard engine means that the amount of heat actually recovered by farms using them varies more for economic than engineering reasons. Farms often find it cheaper to vent waste heat than to use it. Hence the efficiency of heat capture is immensely variable in practice, and a representative estimate of the amount of heat actually captured off a standard heat engine is available. The Load Curves: The load curves used in my calculations come from Peebles and Reinemann (1994). They estimated load curves for dairy farms with 30, 60, 200 and 400 cows using the TRNSYS simulation package. Two sets of results are presented in their work, one for an inefficiently configured farm, and one that is efficiently configured. I use the estimated load curves for the efficiently configured farm. This may bias my results against the feasibility of digesters, as less efficient farms have larger electricity bills and can therefore save more money by generating their own electricity. Peebles and Reinemann provide 24 hour load curves only for a typical day in January and July. I estimate the load curve for a typical day in the missing ten months by assuming that the demand at a particular hour of day is the average of the January and July demands for that hour, weighted linearly by proximity to the date. Also, for reasons to be presented below, I do not consider a 30 cow farm. The load curves used in the paper are presented below: 15 10 5 0 Load Curves for a 60 Cow Dairy 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Time of Day July January 7 Demand (kWh)PDF Image | The Economics and Feasibility of Electricity Generation using Manure Digesters on Small and Mid-size Dairy Farms
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