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Introduction The Cal Poly Dairy is located adjacent to the Cal Poly campus in San Luis Obispo, California. The dairy presently milks 200 cows with a total population of over 300 animals. Most of the herd is housed in freestall barns. About 90 percent of the manure is deposited on concrete and flushed with fresh or recycled water to the lagoon. The remaining 10 percent of the manure is deposited in the corrals and is only collected seasonally. Solids are separated from the flushed wastewater prior to storage in a single cell lagoon. This lagoon has a volume of 19,000 cubic meters, which translates to 50 to 90 days of storage, depending upon the water used by the dairy. The average annual power consumption is approximately 234,000 Kwhrs at an average electrical rate $.09 per kWh, for a total annual cost of $21,000 annually. The natural gas consumption is only that used for water heating, and amounts to approximately 77,000 MJ per year, which at $.58/100 MJ would annually cost $450. Methane Production Technologies A number of methane-producing technologies have been developed and could be considered for dairy manure. The choice of the most appropriate technology is dependent upon specific waste characteristics. Packed bed and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digesters have been used for soluble organic wastes and are just now being tested for use with dairy flushwater (Wilke, 2000). Covered lagoons have been previously successful at dairies (Safley and Lusk, 1990) are the most appropriate and reliable technology for consideration at this site. Lusk (1998) reported in a recent study of animal manure digesters in the US, that covered lagoons had a much higher success rate, 78%, as compared with either plug flow, 37%, or complete mix digesters, 30%. Williams and Moser (1998, 1999) described the initial design assumptions for this lagoon digester project. The project equipment consists of a 14,000 cubic meter (4 million gallons) earthen lagoon, with pump and piping to transfer the dilute dairy manure wastewater from the solids separator to the new lagoon. Also included is a 1.0-ml thickness, reinforced polypropylene floating lagoon cover of approximately 4600 square meters including Styrofoam floats, weights, tie-down and gas manifold system. The biogas handing system includes piping to condensate traps, gas meter, gas blower and continuous-ignition flare. The piping used was 7.5 cm dia. Schedule 80 polyethylene for below ground, and 5-cm dia stainless steel for above ground. A Capstone@ microturbine electric generating system will be connected to the biogas line, and the electrical connection will be a 4- wire, 440 volt grid-connection for direct input of power to the Cal Poly campus-wide electrical system. This microturbine system includes a scroll-type 55 psi compressor, gas drier with desiccant tank, Capstone Model 330, 30-KW, 440 volt, grid-connected microturbine and Unifin@ heat recovery system from the turbine exhaust. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the dairy and covered lagoon layout, and Figures 2 and 3 show photographs of the methane recovery system. 2PDF Image | Microturbine Operation with Biogas from a Covered Dairy Manure Lagoon
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