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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK A compact unit that scrubs and compresses biogas for use an alternative motor fuel Biogas is also successfully compressed for use as an alternative transportation fuel in light- and heavy-duty vehicles. To obtain usable methane, the biogas is scrubbed of its carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water. After scrubbing, the technique of fueling with biogas is basically the same as that used for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. Although only a few thousand vehicles are using biogas, it is estimated that worldwide around one million vehicles are now using CNG as a transportation fuel. The change to CNG operation means that a vehicle is converted or that a new one is specially built. Vehicles can operate in three different modes: as a dedicated CNG; as a bi-fuel on either gas or gasoline; or as a simultaneous dual- fuel on gas and diesel fuel. The CNG is stored in a number of tank cylinders made of steel or fiberglass that are filled with gas to a high pressure. The normal number of tank cylinders will provide enough capacity to cover 150-175 miles. Fleet vehicles that are parked overnight, such as buses, are fueled slowly for 5-8 hours. Quick filling takes about 2-5 minutes, and is used for vehicles in constant use such as service vans. Because methane burns very cleanly, many fleet operators have reported savings of 40%-50% in vehicle maintenance costs. In many countries, biogas is viewed as an environmentally attractive alternative to diesel and gasoline for operating buses and other local transport vehicles. The level of sound generated by methane- powered engines is generally lower than that generated by diesel engines, which is a positive aspect, particularly in an urban environment. Exhaust fume emissions are considerably lower than the emissions from diesel engines, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is very low. This city of 100,000 fuels its entire fleet of buses and other heavy vehicles with biogas from its centralized digester 2-13PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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