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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK Today, it is commonly burned in an internal combustion engine to generate electricity. Practical experience with small-scale internal combustion engines with a rated capacity of less than 200- Biogas is commonly burned to generate electricity kW indicate an electrical conversion 18 efficiency of less than 25%. Larger engines can have a greater conversion efficiency. One engine supplier claims to have an engine with an electrical conversion efficiency that averages 38% 19 for engines in the 600-1000 kW range. When biogas is used to produce electricity, there is the added potential for harvesting hot water and steam from the engine’s exhaust and cooling systems. Combining hot water and steam recovery with electricity generation may provide an overall conversion efficiency of 80% or more. Biogas is also burned in boilers to produce hot water and steam used for heating and sanitary washing. While operating at a technology level requiring specially trained maintenance personnel, a promising near-term application for biogas-fueled electricity generation is the use of gas turbines. For larger-scale systems, combined cycle power stations consist of gas turbines, steam turbines, and waste heat recovery boilers, all working together to produce electricity. Modern gas turbine plants are small, environmentally friendly, and visually unobtrusive. Units as small as 200-kW are available but their electrical 20 efficiency is quite low, around 16-18%. Although this utility-scale system is used for district heating by dozens of homes, making hot water in a boiler is the simplest end-use of biogas Only at scales of greater than 800-kW does the heat rate equal or surpass an engine-based system. However, the use of a gas turbine allows a greater fraction of the waste heat to be recovered as potentially more valuable steam. Overall gas turbine efficiency can be greater than 70%. 18 19 20 Moser, M. (15 April 1997). Personal communication. RCM Digesters, Inc., Berkeley, CA. Jenbacher Energiesysteme (1998). Information available at http://mirror.us.netwing.at/jenbacher/60hz.htm. Gas Turbine Performance (1997). Information available at http://www.gas-turbines.com/specs/power.htm. 2-12PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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