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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK The reactor for this slurry system is a poured concrete silo, and the building on the left houses the engine used for producing electricity One digester type that might be considered by some to be a variant of the plug-flow digester is referenced in this report as a slurry-based system. Unlike plug-flow systems that are used only on dairy farms and that require manure TS concentrations of 11-13%, slurry-based digestion systems can operate with much lower solids concentrations and can be used to treat a variety of animal manures. Slurry systems require no mechanical mixing and are often found as silo-type reactors or in a “loop” or horseshoe configuration. Several operators believe the slurry design can enable greater convective currents in the digester, thereby helping to avoid the solids crusting problem commonly associated with the plug-flow design when TS concentrations fall below design parameters. 2.3 Energy and Anaerobic Digestion 3 The theoretical methane yield can be shown to be 5.6 ft /pound (lb) of chemical oxygen demand converted, but the exact recoverable yield depends on a number of environmental conditions. The ultimate yield of biogas depends on the composition and biodegradability of the organic feedstock, but its production rate will depend on the population of microorganisms, their growth conditions, and fermentation temperature. Methane produced by the AD process is quite similar to “natural” gas that is extracted from the wellhead. However, natural gas contains a variety of hydrocarbons other than methane, such as ethane, propane, and butane. As a result, natural gas will always have a higher calorific value than pure methane. Depending on the digestion process, the methane content of is biogas generally between 55%-80%. The remaining composition is primarily carbon dioxide, with trace quantities (0-15,000 ppm) of corrosive hydrogen sulfide and water. 16 According to Meynell, the average expected energy content of pure methane is 896-1069 3 Btu/ft ; natural gas has an energy content about 10% higher because of added gas liquids like butane. However, the particular characteristics of methane, the simplest of the hydrocarbons, 17 make it an excellent fuel for certain uses. With some equipment modifications to account for its lower energy content and other constituent components, biogas can be used in all energy- consuming applications designed for natural gas. 16 Meynell, P-J. (1976). Methane: Planning a Digester. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 30-31. 17 nd Ross, C. et al. (1996). Handbook on Biogas Utilization. 2 Edition. Muscle Shoals, AL: Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program, Tennessee Valley Authority. 2-11PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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