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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK MSW input. Composting technology for MSW is commercially available and in use, but its further application is limited mainly by environmental aspects and process economics. AD is a net energy-producing process, with around 75-150 kWh of electricity created per ton of MSW input. MSW digestion technology is now being demonstrated and fully commercialized. MSW digestion poses many technical problems, including an increase in HRT. High-solid digestion (HSD) systems have been developed with the potential to improve the economic performance of MSW systems by reducing digester volume and the parasitic energy required for the AD process. Several alternative HSD designs have been developed that operate 8 withtotalsolids(TS)concentrations greater 9 than30%. Thesedesignsemployeither external or internal mixing, using biogas or mechanical stirrers. In general, all HSD systems have equivalent performance. Prototype HSD system developed in the United States uses equipment adapted from the mining industry (photo credit: Pinnacle Biotechnologies) 2.2 Farm-Based Anaerobic Digestion Practices in the United States Although some effort has focused on the AD of caged layer poultry manures, the manures from dairy and swine operations tend to be more suitable for farm-based energy conversion. This is because dairy and swine manure management systems are often liquid or slurry based, which simplifies the necessary manure movement. Also, poultry manures contain a higher concentration of fine solids that can quickly fall out of suspension unless continuously agitated. If not kept in suspension, these solids can quickly reduce reactor volume and its ability to produce biogas. The nation’s first farm-based digester was initiated as a result of a now familiar problem--urban encroachment. The McCabe Farm built most of its hog production facilities between 1951-1953 on a rural site outside of the town of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. By 1970, the town had expanded to the farm’s border, and the McCabe family had to develop an odor-free system of managing swine manure. Initially, the McCabes converted their anaerobic lagoon into an aerobic system by adding an aerator. However, the buildup of organic matter over the winter took 6-8 weeks to stabilize in the spring, during which time a significant odor problem developed. Chemicals were added to the aerobic lagoon in early spring one year, and it helped control odors but did not eliminate them. 8 n.b., TS concentration is the fraction of total feedstock weight which is a solid material. Rivard, C. (1995). “Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste.” Second Biomass Conference of the 9 Americas; August 21-24. Portland Oregon. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, pp. 801-808. 2-5PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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