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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK One encouraging note is that reliability of the digesters constructed since 1984 is far better than for those constructed from 1972-1984. This is generally due to a more simplified digester design. Even more encouraging is the resurgence of interest in farm-based AD technology. For example, in the past 3 years 5 new systems were installed. Ten others are currently under construction or in a design phase. There is also some movement toward the development of centralized AD projects. Centralized systems might also be considered in areas where dairy, swine, or poultry farms are too small to support a cost-effective on-farm facility. 1.3 Cautious Optimism Beyond their ability to manufacture biogas, digester designs based on use of thicker manures may offer the most benefits of the systems evaluated to date. When combined with a mechanical scraping system for manure collection, there is little added water compared to hydraulic flushing. Because the organic acids are not volatilized, the methane and odor associated with manure decomposition can be minimized to the greatest extent possible. Plug-flow digestion, and its Slurry cousin, are economically sensitive to coproduct use and other offsets from current manure management practices, but they are less expensive and technically easier to operate and maintain than a comparable complete-mix digester. Covered lagoon digesters appear to have economic merit for the large number of swine and dairy operations in the Southeast and West, which incorporate hydraulic flushing to collect manure and conventional anaerobic lagoons to treat waste. Complete-mix digesters generally have higher capital costs and operating and maintenance (O&M) requirements than slurry-based, plug-flow, and covered lagoon digesters. This will generally limit complete-mix digester applications to very large farms or centralized facilities, or to farms having waste streams with total solid (TS) concentrations too low for slurry and plug- flow digestion and to locations where the climate is too cold to economically justify covering an anaerobic lagoon. The AD process is biologically based; therefore, each site must be individually evaluated and implemented. As a result, few meaningful generalizations can be made. Factors for successful project implementation include an adequate match of digester type to the farm’s manure management program, competent design and installation (which simplifies digester O&M), and maximizing coproduct use to enhance economic performance. The list of reasons explaining why some AD projects fail must be headed by bad design or installation. When selecting the “best” qualified contractor to design or install an anaerobic digester system, an investor should rarely consider a firm without a significant amount of practical experience in the field. Poor equipment and materials selection is the second most common reason for failure. Although buying the best and most expensive equipment and materials available cannot guarantee project success, amortizing the cost of quality components over the life cycle of the project is a far better prospect than experiencing a failure resulting from the use of inferior products. The role of farm management is key; not only must digesters be well engineered and built with high-quality components, they must also be sited at farms willing to incorporate the uncertainties of a new technology. 1-3PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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