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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growth and concentration of the livestock industry in the United States create opportunities for the proper disposal of the large quantities of manures generated at dairy, swine, and poultry farms. The potential pollutants from decomposing livestock manures are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pathogens, nutrients, methane, and ammonia emissions. The major pollution problems associated with these wastes are surface and groundwater contamination and surface air pollution caused by odors, dust, and ammonia. There is also concern about the contribution of methane emissions to global climate change. Consequently, manure management systems that enable prevent pollution prevention and produce energy are becoming increasingly attractive. The Casebook provides an examination of some current opportunities for the recovery of methane from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manures. Case studies of operating digesters, with project and maintenance histories and the operators “lessons learned,” are included as reality checks. Factors necessary for successful projects, as well as a list of reasons explaining why some AD projects fail, are provided. The role of farm management is key; not only must digesters be well engineered and built with high-quality components, they must also be sited at farms willing to incorporate the uncertainties of a new technology. 1.1 Status of Livestock Manure Anaerobic Digestion in the United States This Casebook examines some of the conversion technologies employed to manufacture methane-rich biogas from the AD of animal manures. U.S. livestock operations currently use four types of anaerobic digester technology: slurry, plug-flow, complete-mix, and covered lagoons. The Casebook provides an introduction to digester technology and discusses possible end-use applications for the biogas product. Following the overview is a series of pro forma economic evaluations, which are based on engineering studies of digesters that generate electricity from recovered biogas on dairy and swine farms with differing herd sizes. The economic evaluations and case studies indicate that the AD of livestock manures is a commercially available bioconversion technology with potential for providing profitable coproducts, including a renewable fuel for livestock production operations. 1.2 “Lessons Learned” To provide a reality base to the economic evaluations, the Casebook surveys a number of operating and non-operating AD systems and compiles information on actual project and maintenance histories. Operators “lessons learned” offer insight into practical experience with digesters. Table 1.1 provides a numerical status report of farm-based anaerobic digesters in the United States. The data presented include the digesters that are installed on or were planned for working dairy, swine, and caged-layer poultry farms. It excludes 65-70 digesters that are installed on or were planned for beef farms, and digesters that are primarily university research oriented. 1-1PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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