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conditions of the wellfield facilities as possible. The accuracy of the gas recovery estimation depends on two main factors: • proper spacing of test wells to accurately capture the differences in the gas generation rates of the various sections of the landfill; • precision of the measurements aimed at estimating the radius of influence of the wells. Vacuum pump tests are designed to determine the optimum gas flow rate from the landfill in steady state conditions. A pump test should be performed under the following conditions: • levels of oxygen in extracted gas should not exceed 1.0%, • levels of methane may not be lower than 10% of the levels measured during spontaneous flow from extraction well. Determination of the optimum gas flow rate may be fairly complicated, depending on the physicochemical conditions of the waste disposal site, the waste composition and the design of the wellfield facilities. A properly designed wellfield (provided it is operated by experienced staff) enables the recovery of some 60% – 70% of the calculated and confirmed gas flow rate. 3.3 Economics Economic feasibility is a crucial element that needs to be taken into account when determining a project’s overall feasibility, starting from a preliminary assessment of investment opportunities, to preliminary choices, to the final project [30]. The evaluation of a project’s economics should include the following key steps: • estimation and valuation of the installed capital costs; • estimation and valuation of products (or services) to be generated by the project; • estimation of future net financial benefits. The economic evaluation of a project needs to find out if a given option, while technically feasible, is equally viable in economic terms, taking into account a number of actual macroeconomic, social and environmental factors. It is performed to show if the future net financial outcome of the project will be sufficient and competitive in relation to returns on other investment opportunities offered by the capital market [30]. Investment decisions are largely made on the basis of expected positive returns (profit). However, that criterion alone may not be sufficient, since profit – as a purely economic 79PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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