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Both the smaller, lower-pressure firetube package boilers and larger, higher-pressure watertube package boilers are already in operation with LFG. Older field-erected brick set boilers have also been retrofitted for LFG fuel. Many major boiler manufacturers, such as Cleaver Brooks, Babcock & Wilcox, Nebraska, and ABCO, are represented in the population of boilers that have been converted for LFG service. Similarly, leading burner manufacturers (e.g., Todd, North American, and Coen) have provided specially designed LFG burners or have experience modifying standard natural gas burners for LFG service [7]. Another option is to improve the quality of the gas to such a level that the boiler will not require a retrofit. The gas is not required to have a Btu value as high as pipeline-quality, but the quality must be between medium and high. This option reduces the cost of a boiler retrofit and subsequent maintenance costs associated with cleaning because of deposits associated with use of medium-Btu LFG. Examples of Successful Boiler LFG Energy Projects NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre. In early 2003, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland, began firing LFG in three Nebraska watertube boilers, each capable of producing 18 000 kilograms/hr of steam. The gas is piped approximately 10 kilometres from the Sandy Hill Landfill to the boiler house at Goddard. NASA modified the burners and controls to co-fire LFG, natural gas, and oil; however, LFG provides the total firing requirement for approximately nine months of the year. NASA estimates an annual savings of more than 350,000 USD. Current NASA plans call for LFG use to continue for at least 10 years, with a possible extension to 20 years. Cone Mills White Oak Plant. The LFG retrofit project at textile manufacturer Cone Mills’ plant in Greensboro, North Carolina involved a very old (circa 1927) field-erected brick boiler. In this instance, the developers chose to install two new, multi-fuel burners. Full operation began in early 1997, with a steaming capacity of 13 500 kilograms per hour from the LFG fuel. Additional steam is provided as needed by co-firing with natural gas or fuel oil. The gas is supplied to the Cone Mills plant via a 6 kilometres pipeline originating at Greensboro’s White Street Landfill. [11]. 29PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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