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1. Landfill Gas A landfill site containing municipal waste works like a bio-reactor in which landfill gas (a gas mixture, composed primarily of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) is produced in biochemical processes from the decomposition of organic matter. The composition of LFG produced by organic matter deposit in a municipal landfill varies significantly, both during the operation phase (acceptance of waste by the landfill) and after landfill closure. The intensity of gas production varies too, depending on the time elapsed since the deposition of waste in the landfill. The composition of LFG and its flow are key factors determining the correct and beneficial use of the energy potential of a landfill [1]. LFG qualifies as a source of renewable energy under Polish law. This creates an opportunity to obtain financial assistance for LFG energy projects, both during the construction phase and plant operation. 1.1 Characteristic Features of Landfill Gas Biomass is the key substance for biochemical processes occurring in a municipal landfill producing biogas. Biomass includes only organic which has been minimally processed by humans and has not been utilized. Biomass differs from other organic substances in that biomass it is created naturally with the help of solar energy, or has been processed only by other living organisms. Therefore, in principle, products originating from chemical syntheses in industrial processes, requiring a large amount of energy to decompose into simple compounds, do not qualify as biomass [2]. Nevertheless, over a longer time frame, organic compounds produced by industrial activity of humans do decompose and can contribute to LFG generation from municipal solid waste. The final product of biochemical transformations of organic substances contents carbon, oxygen and hydrogen under anaerobic conditions (in the presence of methane- excreting bacteria), is methane as well as a number of other products which are not further degradable. A diagram depicting organic decomposition shows the varying components of landfill gas. The basic diagrams distinguishes between five stages of organic substance decomposition, including aerobic decomposition, anaerobic decomposition (acidic fermentation, unsteady and steady methanogenesis), and the end of LFG generation 6PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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