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Table 6 – Air emissions for typical generator systems using biogas Generator Type CO CO2 Diesel Engine 0.010 1.70 SI Engine 0.008 0.97 Microturbine 0.00265 1.188 MCFC 0.00025 0.94 Source: Minott and Scott, 2001. Table 7 – Typical noise levels for generator systems using biogas Generator Type Diesel Engine SI Engine Microturbine MCFC Source: Minott and Scott, 2001. Case Study: Colorado Pork, LLC VOC 0.002 0.0015 0.00004 0.00015 Power (kW) Emissions (lbs/kWh) NOx SOx 500 0.017 0.005 500 0.0026 0.00001 45 0.00115 0.00003 250 0.0000041 0.0000006 Power (kW) Noise Level (qualitative/db) 500 Moderate to High (requires building enclosure)/~110 db 500 Moderate to High (requires building enclosure)/~110 db 45 Moderate (enclosure supplied with it)/70 db at 3m 250 Low (no enclosure required)/60 db at 30m Colorado Pork is a sow farrow-to-wean farm located in Lamar, Colorado. The operation began in 1999 and houses up to 5000 sows. The farm uses a complete mix digester to reduce odour and meet water quality regulations. The digester has a capacity of 1.89 million litres (500 000 US gal) with 57 000 litres (15 000 US gal) of manure being cycled every day. The system has a retention time of 40 days. Approximately 560 cubic metres of biogas is produced every day. The gas is composed of approximately 67% methane and 32% CO2. The hydrogen sulfide concentration averages 6000 ppm. The biogas is collected under a high density polyethylene cover at a pressure of 3.5 to 5 kPa. A pressure relief valve diverts the gas to a flare if this pressure range is exceeded (Anon. 2004c). Colorado Pork is an interesting case study because its biogas is used to run an engine/generator and a microturbine. This situation provides an excellent opportunity to study the two generators under similar conditions. Technology Description The engine used is a Caterpillar Model 3306 ST with a nominal rated power output of 100 kW (15°C, sea level). The engine is a 6-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally aspirated unit with a 10.5:1 compression ratio and a speed range of 1000 to 1800 rpm. The engine is used to drive an induction generator manufactured by Marathon Electric (Model No. MCTG-80-3) (Anon, 2004c). The microturbine system used is a Capstone Model 330. The microturbine is a single shaft, high speed, recuperated, air-cooled generator with a nominal rated power output of 30 kW net (15°C, sea level). The system requires a gas booster compressor which imposes a parasitic load of 4 kW on the overall generating system. The Capstone Corporation further de-rates the power output by 4 kW due to the high altitude. 17PDF Image | Electricity and Heat Production Using Biogas from the Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure - Literature Review
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