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Optimum Biogas Production Theoretical Methane Productivity Biogas is converted from volatile solids. Therefore, the biogas production potential is limited by the amount of volatile solids added to the digester. Methane productivity in terms of volatile solids destroyed is known as the “theoretical methane yield” - if there is complete degradation of all organic components in the manure. Table 2 shows values calculated by Moller et al (2004). Table 2 – Theoretical methane yield for manure from typical farm livestock Animal Species Pig Sow Cattle Source: Moller et al, 2004. Methane Productivity (L CH4 / kg VS) 516 ± 11 530 ± 6 468 ± 6 The higher theoretical methane yields of pig and sow manure are attributed to the higher proportion of lipid in pig manure (Moller et al, 2004). Hill (1984) found the theoretical methane yield to be relatively constant at 500 L CH4 / kg VS. Fulhage et al (1993), described potential gas yields, which they designated “average values”. Barker (2001) described similar methane production values, but gave noindicationofhowthefigureswerereached. Table3comparesthepotentialgas yields provided by these two reports. Table 3 – Potential methane yield for main livestock types Author of Report Fulhage et al., 1993 Barker, 2001 Swine Dairy Poultry Beef (LCH4/kgVS) (LCH4/kgVS) (LCH4/kgVS) (LCH4/kgVS) 449 288 322 562 449 412 486 486 Note: Values converted from (ft3 biogas / lb VS) to (L CH4 / kg VS) assuming 60% methane . Old vs. Fresh Manure Losses in potential methane production occur as manure is stored. These losses are due to aerobic and anaerobic processes occurring within the manure storage system. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United States Environmental Protection Agency estimate anaerobic lagoon emissions, and therefore loss in methane production potential, using a Methane Conversion Factor (MCF) (Mangino et al, 2002). The MCF is localized and based on temperature variation throughout the year, retention of volatile solids in the system, and management/design 9PDF Image | Electricity and Heat Production Using Biogas from the Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure - Literature Review
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