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Introduction Anaerobic digestion is a process involving the breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms, in the absence of oxygen. A typical digester is a closed system where a certain temperature is maintained and where the released gas is captured, stored and used. The main component of this biogas is methane gas, which is a fuel. Methane is also one of the Greenhouse Gases implicated in global warming. Capturing and using the gas, therefore, helps reduce the emission of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Ontario has some on-farm experience with anaerobic digesters but most digesters are used in non-farm applications as part of waste treatment processes (e.g. industrial or municipal waste treatment). On-farm digesters are more common in other parts of the world and many Ontario farmers are showing a renewed interest in the technology. One of the key considerations for these producers is the most appropriate way to use the methane that is generated. It could be burned directly or used to run an engine that powers an electrical generator, thus producing electricity and heat. Objectives This report is intended to examine the production and use of biogas on farms in Ontario, with a focus on the most efficient use of the biogas: • Describe alternatives for producing electricity from biogas derived from livestock manure • Determine optimum recovery rates of energy from manure • Determine the most appropriate generator system for typical situations • Describe options for connection to the electrical power grid • Determine the profitability and viability of producing electricity and heat from biogas State of the Industry Anaerobic digestion is currently in widespread use on farms around the world. Approximately 6 to 8 million digesters, mostly low budget and family-sized, are in service throughout India and China. The biogas produced in these countries is used mainly for cooking and lighting (Wellinger and Lindberg, 2001). Europeans have taken a technology-intensive approach with a focus on methane production and optimization. Germany alone has over 2000 biogas facilities of various capacities and forms. These systems range from digesters built for smaller farms of 100 cows or less to central plants adding organic residuals to boost biogas production (Fischer, 2002). Anaerobic digestion, and in particular biogas production, plays a part in the long-term energy strategy of Denmark. The country of almost 5.5 million people has at least 20 centralized co-digestion plants as well as another 45 farm-based digesters in operation (Holm-Nielson and Al Seadi, 2003). In both Germany and Denmark the popularity of anaerobic digestion has been fuelled by favourable legislation and various research and 1PDF Image | Electricity and Heat Production Using Biogas from the Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure - Literature Review
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