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Foreign Material Processing High concentrations of sand and silt are not compatible with the plug flow digester or the anaerobic lagoon. Completely mixed reactors can operate with minor concentrations of foreign material by maintaining the material in suspension through intense mixing. The contact process incorporating grit removal as described by Burke (Burke 2000) is not limited by the concentration of foreign material. Odor Control Most properly operated anaerobic digesters will eliminate the generation of odors from the site(Wilkie 2000). However, both plug flow anaerobic digesters and the anaerobic lagoon must be periodically cleaned. During the cleaning process odors are generated. The thermophilic completely mixed reactors produce an effluent that is far more odorous than mesophically digested waste. Contact and completely mixed digesters significantly reduce odors and may not require cleaning, especially if refractory inorganic and organic solids removal is practiced (Burke 2000). Stability, Flexibility, and Reliability Each type of anaerobic reactor imposes requirements for its proper operation. The inability to meet those requirements, such as operating temperature, may result in process failure. The mesophilic process is more reliable than the thermophilic process because of the greater risk associated with meeting the thermophilic temperature requirements utilizing a cold waste at cold temperatures. The anaerobic process has been labeled an unreliable process because of frequent toxic upsets. The contact process is a more reliable process in preventing process failure, foaming, and loss of biomass. Retained biomass systems are the least likely to fail because of a large quantity and diversity of the biocatalyst in the digestion system. The addition of elutriation, or the washing of biological solids to remove inhibitory products, adds further stability to the process. The contact stabilization process is the least likely to be upset by changes in hydraulic flow, or organic loading. Since mixing is essential to any completely mixed process, mixing failures, or © Environmental Energy Company 36 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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