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biogas HANDBOOK decomposable organic bounds such as cellulose and fatty acids are broken down. The lignin bounds, valuable for formation of humus, remain. Methane bacteria themselves produce a whole series of amino acids, which are available for plants and other living organisms in the soil. German studies made with digested pig slurry showed an increase in humus production efficiency index from 0,82 to 1,04. 6.5 Practicalexperiences Although there are different opinions among scientists about the effects of applying digestate as fertiliser, especially concerning nitrogen, the existing experience and practice results are unambiguous. For the farmers who use digestate, improvement of fertiliser quality of their own manure and slurry is significant. Conventional farmers observe less use of chemical sprays and reduced amount of purchased chemical fertilisers through integration of digestate in the fertilisation plan. Browsing deer and hares have been observed on the fields shortly after application of digestate and cattle are also willing to eat the grass from these fields short time after digestate application, both indicating less loss of palatability, compared with application of raw slurry. As the AD process inactivates most of the weed seeds in animal manure, the spreading cycle of weeds is broken and the amount of weeds on the fields fertilised with digestate is reduced. Farmers which have used digestate as fertiliser over longer periods of time observed an increasing amount of valuable grassland plants on their fields. Organic farmers, who use AD for the treatment of their own manure and organic wastes, report increased microbiologic soil activity and healthier plants, increased harvest of straw and hay as well as better quality of crops. As organic farming aims to minimise any external input, AD not only provides the farm with higher quality fertiliser, but also with internal renewable energy production, as heat and electricity. 6.6 Digestateconditioning Digestate has a high water content and consequently high volume. Conditioning of digestate aims to reduce the volume and to concentrate the nutrients. This is particularly important if digestate has to be transported away from the areas where there is an excess of nutrients from animal manure but not sufficient land available for their application. The nutrients in excess must be transported to other areas in an economic and efficient way. Digestate conditioning aims to reduce volume and by this the nutrient transportation costs as well as to reduce emissions of pollutants and odours. 6.6.1 Strategiesofdigestateconditioning Digestate can be partially or completely conditioned. Digestion efficiency of agricultural biogas plants is typically of 50-60% (ANGELIDAKI 2004). This means that digestate contains 40-50% of the initial organic dry matter, primarily as fibres. Partial conditioning means separation of solid matter (fibres) from digestate, using screw type separators or decanters. Partial conditioning by fibre separation was initially done with the aim of producing commercial compost. Later on, full scale trials were made where 55PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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