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biogas HANDBOOK Figure 6.2 Utilisation of nitrogen in digestate compared to untreated pig slurry and cattle slurry (BIRKMOSE 2002) 6.3 Applicationofdigestateasfertiliser Digestate is more homogenous, compared to raw slurry, with an improved N-P balance. It has a declared content of plant nutrients, allowing accurate dosage and integration in fertilisation plans of farms. Digestate contains more inorganic nitrogen, easier accessible to the plants, than untreated slurry. N-efficiency will increase considerably and nutrient losses by leaching and evaporation will be minimised if digestate is used as fertiliser in conformity with good agricultural practice. For optimum utilisation of digestate as fertiliser, the same practice criteria are valid, like in the case of utilisation of untreated slurry and manure: • Sufficient storage capacity (minimum 6 months) • Restricted season of application as fertiliser (during vegetation) • Amount applied per hectare (according to fertiliser plan) • Application technique (immediate incorporation and minimum nutrient losses) Due to its higher homogeneity and flow properties, digestate penetrates in soil faster than raw slurry. Nevertheless, application of digestate as fertiliser involves risks of nitrogen losses through ammonia emissions and nitrate leaking. In order to minimise these risks, some simple rules of good agricultural practice must be respected: • Avoid too much stirring of digestate before application • Application of cooled digestate, from the post storage tank • Application with dragging pipes, dragging hoses, direct injection in soil or disk injectors • Immediate incorporation in soil, if applied on the surface of soil • Application at the start of the growing season or during vegetative growth • Application to winter crops should be started with 1/3 of the total N requirement • Optimum weather conditions for application of digestate are: rainy, high humidity and no wind. Dry, sunny and windy weather reduces the N-efficiency considerably. Depending on the crop, experience shows that, in Europe, the best time for digestate application is during vigorous vegetative growth. Application as top-fertiliser on crops in full vegetation offers little concern about loss of e.g. nitrogen as nitrate into ground water, since 53PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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