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6.2 Fromrawslurrytodigestateasfertiliser 6.2.1 Biodegradationoforganicmatter Treatment of animal manure and slurries in biogas plants results in biodegradation of organic matter to inorganic compounds and methane. In practice, the anaerobic degradation rate of organic matter from animal manure and slurries is about 40% for cattle slurry and of 65% for pig slurry. The degradation rate depends at large on feedstock type (Table 6.1), HRT and process temperature. Due to degradation of organic matter, digestate is easier to pump and easier to apply as fertiliser, with reduced need of stirring, compared to untreated slurry. Table 6.1 Nutrient distribution in digestate, compared to cattle and pig slurry 6.2.2 Reductionofodours One of the noticeable positive changes which take place through AD of manure is the significant reduction of odoriferous substances (volatile acids, phenol and phenol derivatives). Experience shows that up to 80% of odours in feedstock substrates can be reduced by AD. It is not only a reduction of the intensity and persistence of odours (Figure 6.1), but also a positive change in the composition of odours, as digestate no longer has the unpleasant slurry smell, but smells more like ammonia. Even if stored for longer periods of time, digestate shows no increase in emission of odours. Figure 6.1 shows that, 12 hours after the application of digestate, the odour has almost disappeared. Figure 6.1 Area affected and persistence of odour nuisance, after application of digestate and of untreated slurry, on a field with northwest wind (BIRKMOSE 2002) biogas HANDBOOK Dry matter % Total N kg/ton NH4-N kg/ton P kg/ton K kg/ton pH Cattle slurry 6,0 5,0 2,8 0,8 3,5 6,5 Pig slurry 4,0 5,0 3,8 1,0 2,0 7,0 Digested slurry 2,8 5,0 4,0 0,9 2,8 7,5 51PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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