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biogas HANDBOOK 4.3 Municipalsolidwaste(MSW)treatmentplants In many countries, municipal solid waste is collected as mixed stream and incinerated in large power plants or disposed on landfill sites. This practice is actually a waste of energy and nutrients, as most of the organic fraction could be source separated and used as AD feedstock. Even bulk collected wastes can be further processed and used for biogas production. In recent years, source separation and recycling of wastes received increasing attention. As a result, separate fractions of MSW are now becoming available for more advanced recycling treatment, prior to disposal. The origin of the organic waste is important in determining which treatment method is most appropriate. Kitchen waste is generally too wet and lacks in structure for aerobic composting, but provides an excellent feedstock for AD. On the other hand, woody wastes contain high proportions of lignocellulosic material are better suited for composting, as pre-treatment is necessary in order to be used for AD. Utilisation of source separated organic fraction of household waste for biogas production has a large potential and several hundred AD plants, processing organic fraction of MSW, are in operation around the world. The aim is to reduce the stream of organic wastes to landfills or even to incineration and to redirect them towards recycling. 4.4 Industrialbiogasplants Anaerobic processes are largely used for the treatment of industrial wastes and waste waters for more than a century and AD is today a standard technology for the treatment of various industrial waste waters from food-processing, agro-industries, and pharmaceutical industries. AD is also applied to pre-treat organic loaded industrial waste waters, before final disposal. Due to recent improvements of treatment technologies, diluted industrial waste waters can also be digested. Europe has a leading position in the world regarding this application of AD. In recent years energy considerations and environmental concerns have further increased the interest in direct anaerobic treatment of organic industrial wastes and the management of organic solid wastes from industry is increasingly controlled by environmental legislations. Industries using AD for wastewater treatment range from: • Food processes: e.g. vegetable canning, milk and cheese manufacture, slaughterhouses, potato processing industry • Beverage industry: e.g. breweries, soft drinks, distilleries, coffee, fruit juices • Industrial products: e.g. paper and board, rubber, chemicals, starch, pharmaceuticals Industrial biogas plants bring about a number of benefits for the society and the industries involved: • Added value through nutrient recycling and cost reductions for disposal • Utilisation of biogas to generate process energy • Improved environmental image of the industries concerned, through environmental friendly treatment of the produced wastes 38PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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