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Centralised co-digestion plants can be organised as co-operative companies, with farmers supplying manure an energy consumers as shareholders and owners. The management of the biogas plant is undertaken by a board of directors, which also employs the necessary personnel and is responsible for economic and legal binding agreements concerning the construction of the plant, the feedstock supply, the distribution and sale of digestate, the sale of biogas or/and energy and the financing activities. The co-operative company proved to be a functional organisational structure, economically feasible in countries like Denmark, but other organisation forms like Ltd. companies or municipally owned companies are also frequent. 4.2 Wastewatertreatmentplants AD is largely used for treatment of primary and secondary sludge, resulted from aerobic treatment of municipal waste water. The system is applied in many countries in combination with advanced treatment systems where the AD process is used to stabilise and reduce the final amount of sludge. Most engineering companies providing sewage treatment systems have also the capability to provide AD systems. In European countries, between 30 and 70% of sewage sludge is treated by AD, depending on national legislation and priorities. The AD treated sludge effluent can be further used as fertiliser on agricultural land or for energy production by incineration. There are still countries where the effluent is disposed on landfill sites. As this practice can have negative consequences for the environment due leakage of nutrients to ground water and emissions of GHG to the atmosphere, it is therefore banned in most European countries. Figure 4.11 Waste water treatment plant in Psyttalia, Greece (FARNSWORTH 2004) biogas HANDBOOK • Renewable energy production • Cheap and environmentally safe recycling of manure and organic wastes • Reduction of greenhouse gas emission • Improved veterinary safety through sanitation of digestate • Improved fertilisation efficiency • Less nuisance from odours and flies • Economical benefits for the farmers 37PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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