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biogas HANDBOOK from the household and/or their small farming activity and the produced biogas is used for the family cooking and lighting needs. The digesters are simple, cheap, robust, easy to operate and maintain, and can be constructed with local produced materials. Usually, there are no control instruments and no process heating (psychrophilic or mesophilic operation temperatures), as many of these digesters operate in warmer climates and have long HRT. a) The Chinese type (Figure 4.1a) is an underground reactor of typically 6 to 8 m3. It is supplied with household sewage, animal manure and organic household waste. The reactor is operated in a semi-continuous mode, where new substrate is added once a day and a similar amount of decanted mixed liquid is removed once a day. The reactor is not stirred, so the sedimentation of suspended solids must be removed 2-3 times per year, occasion when a large portion of the substrate is removed and a small part (about one fifth of the reactor content) is left as inoculum. b) The Indian type (Figure 4.1b) is similar to the Chinese type as it is a simple underground reactor for domestic and small farming waste. The difference is that the effluent is collected at the bottom of the reactor and a floating gas bell functions as a biogas reservoir. c) Another small scale biogas plant is the displacement type, which consists of a horizontal cylindrical reactor. The substrate is fed at one end and the digestate is collected at the opposite end. The substrate moves through the reactor as a plug flow, and a fraction of the outlet is re-circulated to dilute the new input and to provide inoculation. Figure 4.1 Principles of rural biogas reactor types: a) Chinese type; b) Indian type (ANGELIDAKI 2004) 4.1.2 Farm-scalebiogasplants A farm scale biogas plants is named the plant attached to only one farm, digesting the feedstock produced on that farm. Many farm scale plants co-digest also small amounts of methane rich substrates (e.g. oily wastes from fish industries or vegetable oil residues), aiming to increase the biogas yield. It is also possible that a farm scale biogas plant receives and processes animal slurries from one or two neighbouring farms (e.g. via pipelines, connecting those farms to the respective AD unit). 31PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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