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biogas HANDBOOK conditions. The regulation is available in full text at http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/f81001.htm. 3.2 ThebiochemicalprocessofAD As previously stated, AD is a microbiological process of decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. The main products of this process are biogas and digestate. Biogas is a combustible gas, consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Digestate is the decomposed substrate, resulted from the production of biogas. During AD, very little heat is generated in contrast to aerobic decomposition (in presence of oxygen), like it is the case of composting. The energy, which is chemically bounded in the substrate, remains mainly in the produced biogas, in form of methane. The process of biogas formation is a result of linked process steps, in which the initial material is continuously broken down into smaller units. Specific groups of micro-organisms are involved in each individual step. These organisms successively decompose the products of the previous steps. The simplified diagram of the AD process, shown in Figure 3.5, highlights the four main process steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. Carbo-hydrates Sugars Carbon acids Alcohols Fats Acid acetic Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Methane Carbon dioxide Proteins Fatty acids Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Ammonia Amino acids HYDROLYSIS ACIDOGENESIS ACETOGENESIS METHANOGENESIS Figure 3.5 The main process steps of AD (AL SEADI 2001) The process steps quoted in Figure 3.5 run parallel in time and space, in the digester tank. The speed of the total decomposition process is determined by the slowest reaction of the chain. In the case of biogas plants, processing vegetable substrates containing cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin, hydrolysis is the speed determining process. During hydrolysis, relatively small amounts of biogas are produced. Biogas production reaches its peak during methanogenesis. 21PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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