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biogas HANDBOOK Figure 2.1 European natural gas grid and potential corridors (yellow) suitable for biogas production and biomethane injection (THRÄN et al. 2007) The German Institute for Energy and Environment states that the biogas potential in Europe is as high enough to be feasible to replace the total consumption of natural gas, by injection of upgraded biogas (biomethane) into the existing natural gas grid (Figure 2.1). The estimation of biogas potential in Europe depends on the different factors and assumptions which are included in the calculations such as agricultural availability of land which does not affect food production, productivity of energy crops, methane yield of feedstock substrates and energy efficiency of biogas end use. 3 More about anaerobic digestion (AD) AD is a biochemical process during which complex organic matter is decomposed in absence of oxygen, by various types of anaerobic microorganisms. The process of AD is common to many natural environments such as the marine water sediments, the stomach of ruminants or the peat bogs. In a biogas installation, the result of the AD process is the biogas and the digestate. If the substrate for AD is a homogenous mixture of two or more feedstock types (e.g. animal slurries and organic wastes from food industries), the process is called “co– digestion” and is common to most biogas applications today. 3.1 SubstratesforAD A wide range of biomass types can be used as substrates (feedstock) for the production of biogas from AD (Figures 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3). The most common biomass categories used in European biogas production are listed below and in Table 3.1. 16PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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